A particularly violent example of the warfare between whites and Native Americans in the late 19th century, also known as 'Custer's Last Stand.' June 25-26, 1876, combined forces of 2K+ Sioux, Cheyenne, and Arapaho Indians defeated and killed more than 250 US soldiers, including Col George Custer. The battle came as the US gov't tried to compel Native Americans to remain on the reservations and Native Americans tried to defend territory from white gold-seekers. This Indian advantage did not last, however, as the union of these Indian fighters proved tenuous and US Army soon exacted retribution. A battle between the US Army and the Dakota Sioux, in which several hundred Native Americans and 29 US soldiers died.

Chapter outlines from 'American Pageant (13th edition). Chapter 25: America Moves to the City. APUSH Chapter Outlines. Site Map: This page allows you to access all the content for this course from one area. Chapter 25 Chapter 26.

Was more like slaughter, as the Natives were mostly unarmed and were surrendering. Tensions erupted violently over 2 major issues: the Sioux practice of the 'Ghost Practice' which the US gov't had outlawed, and the dispute over whether Sioux reservation land would be broken up b/c of the Dawes Act. This slaughter was the last act of violence against Native Americans, and women and children were killed too. After gold and silver strikes in CO, Nev, and other W territories in the second half of the 19th century, fortune seekers by the thousands rushed to the W to dig. These metals were essential to US industrial growth and were also sold into world markets.

After surface metals were removed, people sought ways to extract ore from underground, leading to the development of heavy mining machinery. Gold Miner Joe Apk Free Download. This, in turn, led to the consolidation of the mining industry, because only big companies could afford to buy and build necessary machines. A federal law that gave settlers 160 acres of land for about $30 if they lived on it for 5 years and improved it by, for instance, building a house on it. The act helped make land accessible to hundreds of thousands of westward moving settlers, but many people also found disappointment when their land was infertile or they saw speculators grabbing up the best land. This act assumed that public land should be administered in such a way as to promote frontier settlement. Most people just ended up going back to the city because they could not farm. An 1894 strike by RR workers upset by drastic wage cuts (1/3 of previous wages). Download Rapidshare Radical Face The Family Tree Free there.

The strike was led by socialist Eugene Debs but not supported by the American Federation of Labor. Eventually Pres Grover Cleveland intervened and federal troops forced an end to the strike on the basis that the strike was preventing the transit of US Mail. The strike highlighted divisions within labor and the gov'ts new willingness to use armed forces to combat work stoppages. Workers overturned cars and paralyzed railroads from Chicago to the Pacific. The AF of L denied connection as the AF of L supported decency in their protests.

The Government intervention revealed an apparent alliance to big business rather than to the workers. Also known as the Frontier thesis, the argument made by historian Frederick Jackson Turner in 1893 that American democracy was formed by the declining American Frontier, and that the frontier represented the unique American character. Not completely true as: 1. American Democracy was fostered by our democratic heritage from England and by the demands of workers and reformers to have a greater voice in the government.

2.England developed a democratic government without the existence of a frontier 3. The South Western frontier developed neither a strong democratic tradition or a strong sense of nationalism.

The frontier did not serve as a safety valve for immigrants. They did not have the skills or equipment to farm or ranch on the frontier. The majority who became Homesteaders returned to the cities. The expansion of the frontier was primarily a result of eastern demand for raw materials and food. Despite the frontier, 19th century America was never fully economically independent from Europe.